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Sciatica Explained: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Find Relief

This guide covers the common causes, treatment options and practical tips to prevent sciatica from returning.

By Melissa FollyLast reviewed/edited 25th April 2025

Sciatica is a condition that causes pain along the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back through the hips and buttocks, down to each leg.

This article explains the key symptoms, potential causes—including herniated discs and muscle spasms—and the best treatment options to relieve discomfort and prevent future flare-ups.

 Symptoms of Sciatica

• Sharp or shooting pain in the lower back, buttock, or back of leg. 
• Numbness or tingling sensations. 
• Weakness in the affected leg or foot. 
• Pain aggravated by prolonged sitting, standing or bending forwards. 

Common Causes

• Herniated disc pressing on the sciatic nerve. 
• Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spine). 
• Muscle spasms, such as piriformis syndrome. 
• Injury or trauma to the lower back. 
• Posture, pressure and weight changes during pregnancy can lead to temporary sciatica 

Treatment Options

• Rest and Activity: Short-term rest and gradual resumption of movement. 
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen and stretch muscles. 
• Manual Therapy: spinal manipulation, mobilisation or soft tissue techniques such as massage. 
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications as advised by GP or pharmacist. 
• Advanced Treatments: In more severe cases Cortisone injections or surgery in severe cases. 

Prevention Tips

• Maintain good posture. 
• Stay active with regular exercises, such as walking, yoga, or resistance exercise. 
• Practice good posture when lifting or twisting motions. 
• Maintain a healthy weight. 

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